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MLPA® CHEAP AND SENSITIVE GENOMIC PROFILING
Deletions and amplifications of (part of) a gene will usually not be detected by sequence analysis of PCR amplified gene fragments as a normal copy is still present. Southern blot analysis will reveal many aberrations but will not always detect small deletions and is not a simple to perform routine technique. Well characterised deletions and amplifications can be detected by PCR. However, the exact breakpoint sites of most deletions have not been determined. Furthermore the number of different deletions is becoming prohibitively large. Analysis by MLPA is a suitable alternative that is also capable of detecting new deletions and amplifications.
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) is a method to establish the copy number of up to 45 nucleic acid sequences in one single reaction. It can be applied on genomic DNA (both copy number detection and methylation quantification) as well as for mRNA profiling. At this moment MLPA is used in > 500 laboratories for the detection of amplifications and deletions in a variety of genes.
With MLPA, it is possible to perform a multiplex PCR reaction in which up to 45 specific sequences are simultaneously quantified. Amplification products are separated by sequence type electrophoresis. As only one pair of PCR primers is used, MLPA reactions result in a very reproducible gel pattern with fragments ranging from 130 to 490 bp. Comparison of this gel pattern to that obtained with a control sample indicates which sequences show an aberrant copy number.
MLPA probes are able to discriminate between sequences that differ in only one nucleotide. Moreover, MLPA reactions require a minimum of only 20 ng human DNA. In contrast to e.g. FISH and BAC-arrays, the sequences detected are small (~60 nucleotides). Compared to other techniques, an MLPA reaction is fast, cheap (EUR 12,-/reaction) and very simple to perform. The equipment required is present in most molecular biology laboratories: Thermocycler with heated lid and sequence type electrophoresis equipment.
MLPA kits for a rapidly growing number of applications are available from MRC-Holland, located in Amsterdam. A list of commercially available MLPA kits can be found on the MLPA Products page.
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MLPA- Basic Introduction
MLPA Introduction Folder
MLPA PowerPoint presentation
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